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In linguistics, an alternation is the phenomenon of a phoneme or morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. Each of the various realizations is called an alternant. The variation may be conditioned by the phonological, morphological, and/or syntactic environment in which the morpheme finds itself. Alternations provide linguists with data that allow them to determine the allophones and allomorphs of a language's phonemes and morphemes and to develop analyses determining the distribution of those allophones and allomorphs. ==Phonologically conditioned alternation== An example of a phonologically conditioned alternation is the English plural marker commonly spelled ''s'' or ''es''.〔 〕 This morpheme is pronounced , , or , depending on the nature of the preceding sound. # If the preceding sound is a sibilant consonant (one of , or ), the plural marker takes the form . Examples: # *''mass'' , plural ''masses'' # *''fez'' , plural ''fezzes'' # *''mesh'' , plural ''meshes'' # *''mirage'' , plural ''mirages'' # *''church'' , plural ''churches'' # *''bridge'' , plural ''bridges'' # Otherwise, if the preceding sound is voiceless, the plural marker takes the likewise voiceless form . Examples: # *''mop'' , plural ''mops'' # *''mat'' , plural ''mats'' # *''pack'' , plural ''packs'' # *''cough'' , plural ''coughs'' # *''myth'' , plural ''myths'' # Otherwise, the preceding sound is voiced, and the plural marker takes the likewise voiced form . # *''dog'' , plural ''dogs'' # *''glove'' , plural ''gloves'' # *''ram'' , plural ''rams'' # *''doll'' , plural ''dolls'' # *''toe'' , plural ''toes'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alternation (linguistics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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